Supplementing Yogurt with Probiotic Bifidobacteria to Counter Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) disproportionately affects populations in developing countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, CKD prevalence is high (12–23%) and is associated with cardiovascular manifestations. Uremic toxins, especially p-cresol and p-cresyl sulfate, are associated with the disease. Reducing uremic toxins in the body slows disease progression and improves patient outcomes. Probiotic Bifidobacterium breve HRVD521-US, B. animalis HRVD524-US, B. longum SD-BB536-JP, and B. longum SD-CECT7347-SP internalize p-cresol and improve longevity in vivo. In 2002, Tanzanian communities were taught to produce probiotic yogurt (Fiti®) supplemented with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1. This has expanded to over 100 community producers across the country. To produce yogurt that could reduce the burden of CKD by sequestering uremic toxins, we decided to test the addition of p-cresol-clearing bifidobacterial strains. By repeating the Fiti® production process performed in Tanzanian communities and adding a bifidobacterial strain, we found that they were successfully incorporated into the yogurt without any detrimental effect on sensory properties or viable counts. Three of the four strains significantly reduced p-cresol when added to a simulated colonic environment. In conclusion, this study has shown that Fiti® sachets provided to Tanzanian communities to produce yogurt can be supplemented with strains that can potentially confer additional health benefits.

Keywords

• probiotics
• yogurt
• chronic kidney disease
• uremic toxins
• <i>p</i>-cresol