Improvement of Ganoderma lucidum water extract on the learning and memory impairment and its mechanism in d-galactose-induced aging mice

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract (GLW) on improving learning and memory impairment (LMI) and analyzed the key genes and pathways involved. GLW can improve LMI in mice by increasing the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, increasing the contents of GLU and ACH, and reducing the contents of MDA and GABA. 644 differential expressed genes were screened by mRNA sequencing technology, and KEGG pathway analysis showed that Cholinergic synapse pathway was an important pathway for GLW to improve LMI in mice. Gnb1 and Adcy2 genes are the key genes in GLW pathway to improve LMI in mice. Gnb1 gene is positively regulated by M2 protein, which inhibits Cav-1 protein and promotes MAPK pathway. Adcy2 gene is promoted by nAChR protein and inhibited by Gnb1 gene, but it itself plays a positive regulatory role in CAMP pathway.

Keywords

• Ganoderma lucidum water extract
• Learning and memory impairment
• mRNA sequencing
• Cholinergic Synapse Pathway
• Mechanism of action