Roton in a few-body dipolar system

Abstract

We solve numerically exactly the many-body 1D model of bosons interacting via short-range and dipolar forces and moving in the box with periodic boundary conditions. We show that the lowest energy states with fixed total momentum can be smoothly transformed from the typical states of collective character to states resembling single particle excitations. In particular, we identify the celebrated roton state. The smooth transition is realized by simultaneous tuning short-range interactions and adjusting a trap geometry. With our methods we study the weakly interacting regime as well as the regime beyond the range of validity of the Bogoliubov approximation.

Keywords

• dipolar interactions
• 1D systems
• roton
• ultracold gases