Exploring Butein’s anticancer potential in colorectal cancer: Insights into proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction, and metastasis suppression via p38 signaling

Abstract

Background: Butein, a natural chalcone found in plants, exhibits promising anti-tumor effects across cancers, yet its role in Colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unclear. Methods: We utilized pharmacological, molecular, and in vivo models to assess its impact on CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Molecular docking and network pharmacology analyses predicted potential target proteins and pathways regulated by Butein. Experimental validations included western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and functional assays. Results: Butein significantly inhibited CRC cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and disrupted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Its repression of cell migration and invasion capabilities, suggesting potential anti-metastatic properties. The activation of the p38 signaling pathway emerged as a key mechanism mediating Butein’s anti-tumor effects, supported by network pharmacology predictions and experimental evidence. Conclusion: This study highlights the multifaceted anti-cancer potential of Butein in CRC, emphasizing its promising application and the novel role of the p38 pathway.

Keywords

• Colorectal cancer
• Butein
• P38 signaling pathway
• Network pharmacology
• Therapy