5-n-Alk(en)ylresorcinol accumulation across developmental stages of triticale through comparative metabolite profiling: implications of fresh and dry basis

Abstract

ABSTRACTTriticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack), an edible hybrid of rye and wheat, is known for its superior agronomic traits. This study investigates the patterns of 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols (AR), phenolic lipids with diverse biological activities, in fresh and dried triticale across developmental stages. Total AR (TAR) content and LC-MS and GC-MS analyses were performed for profiling extracts obtained by solvent-assisted and supercritical fluid extraction methods. All triticale plant parts accumulated ARs, revealing significant distinctions in content and profiles between fresh and dry basis. CO2-extracted dry spikes at late stages and solvent-extracted fresh and dry leaves at the earliest stage exhibited the highest TAR content. Moreover, triticale kernels showcased a broader AR homolog diversity. Semi-quantitative AR levels varied based on plant parts and ontogeny, suggesting constitutive roles during growth. These insights into temporal and spatial distribution offer valuable information for determining optimal harvesting times, quality, and material condition for future breeding studies in triticale.

Keywords

• ×Triticosecale
• fresh/dried
• phenolic lipids
• developmental stages
• plant parts