Two Tales of Prokaryotic Genomic Diversity: Escherichia coli and Halophiles

Abstract

Prokaryotes are generally characterized by vast genomic diversity that has been shaped by mutations, horizontal gene transfer, bacteriocins and phage predation. Enormous genetic diversity has developed as a result of stresses imposed in harsh environments and the ability of microorganisms to adapt. Two examples of prokaryotic diversity are presented: on intraspecies level, exemplified by Escherichia coli, and the diversity of the hypersaline environment, with the discussion of food-related health issues and biotechnological potential.

Keywords

• Escherichia coli
• genomic diversity
• antibiotic resistance
• SOS response
• bacteriocins
• metagenomics