Methods for Obtaining a Gradient Structure

Abstract

The methods for fabrication of the functionally-gradient materials, which have a high complex of unique mechanical, technological and special properties, when they working on impact, wear, fatigue, experiencing increased cyclic and alternating loads, are reviewed. Considered materials are used in aerospace engineering, energy, and other industries characterized by extremely unfavourable, extreme operating conditions of critical parts, structural elements, and assemblies. Different methods for fabrication of the gradient structures are considered, in particular, the method of severe plastic deformation of metals and the process of active bending of copper. The effect of grain size, texture, and grain-growth gradients on the deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of gradient- nanostructured nickel, as well as functionally-gradient ceramic materials are studied. The review may be of interest to researchers and scientists in the field of materials science, metallurgy, and nanotechnology.

Keywords

• gradient structures
• functional-gradient materials
• nanostructured materials
• severe plastic deformation
• mechanical properties of materials