FREQUENTED SPECIES OF FIELD FUNGI ON WHEAT AND THEIR POTENTIAL PRODUCTION OF TOXIC METABOLITES

Abstract

 The aim of this study was to monitor isolates of Alternaria and Fusarium species, isolated from Slovak wheat grains in 2006 - 2008, for ability to produce mycotoxins and to estimate a potential contamination risk of wheat grains by mycotoxins. Toxinogenity of isolates was analyzed by means of thin layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). A total of 302 Alternaria species (A. alternata, A. arborescens, A. infectoria, A. tenuissima) were tested by TLC method and a total of 238 Fusarium species (F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. oxysporum, F. poae, F. proliferatum, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. sporotrichioides, F. subglutinans, F. tricinctum, F. verticillioides) were analyzed by TLC as well as LC/MS/MS method. All Alternaria sp. strains, excepting A. infectoriastrains, showed high potention to produce altenuen, alternariol and alternariol monomethylether. None of A. infectoriaspecies strains produced any mycotoxins analyzed in this study. Fusarium sp. strains demonstrated, according to toxicology specificity, ability to produce trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fusarenone X, HT-2 toxin, monoacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol, nivalenol, T-2 toxin), fumonisins, zearalenones, moniliformine and rarely mentioned toxins as aurofusarine, beauvericine, enniatins, equisetin and chlamydosporol. High potential production of mycotoxins and wide spectrum of toxic metabolites represent high risk of toxins production in real field conditions.doi:10.5219/108 

Keywords

• Alternaria, Fusarium, mycotoxin, wheat