Distribution of Pesticide Residue in Mango Fruits and Chronic Dietary Risk

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the distribution of pesticide residues in mango fruits and the contribution to chronic dietary exposure risks. 42 kinds of pesticides were analyzed with gas chromatography (GC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The contribution to chronic dietary exposure risks for children and adult were calculated using point assessment approach. The cumulative risks were calculated with the method of relative potency factor (RPF). 44.1% of the whole mango samples and 35.3% of the pulp samples contained one or more pesticide residues. The most frequently detected pesticide was imidacloprid, and the detection rates in whole mango and pulp were 21.6% and 19.6%, respectively. According to the MRLs in China, the exceedance rates of pyraclostrobin, clothianidin, imidacloprid and difenoconazole in whole mango and pulp were 6.9% and 1.0%, 5.9% and 1.0%, 3.0% and 2.0%, 2.0% and 2.0%, respectively. The detection rate and exceedance rate of pesticide in non-bagged mango varieties (‘Tainong’, ‘Guifei’) were much higher than those in bagged mango variety (‘Jinhuang’). Pesticide residue levels in whole mango were mostly higher than those in pulp. In some mango samples, the residues of pesticides possessing strong systemic conductibility (neonicotinoid, trizoles and etc.) in pulp were higher than those in whole mango. These pesticides only detected in pulp of some mango samples. 7.9% of the pulp samples contained four or more pesticide residues, and the percentage was much higher (20.6%) in whole mango samples. The values of %ADI of all detected individual pesticides and pesticide groups (neonicotinoid and trizoles) for children and adult were far below 100%. The contribution of pesticide residues through mango to the chronic dietary risk was extremely low.

Keywords

• mango
• whole fruit
• pulp
• residue distribution
• chronic dietary risk
• cumulative risk