Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC. polyphenols exhibit anti-diabetic activity by modulation of ACC1, SGLT1, and GLP-1 genes and restoration of gut microbiota in overfeeding and high glucose exposure-induced diabetic zebrafish

Abstract

Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC. (SZL) has long been used as a traditional remedy for diabetes, but its underlying mechanisms of action remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic activity of SZL polyphenols (SZL_EAF) via anti-hyperglycemic effect, regulation of gene expression related to lipid metabolism, glucose uptake and glucose utilization, and the gut microbiome modulation in diabetic zebrafish models. The results revealed that SZL_EAF exhibited a significant anti-hyperglycemic effect after five days of treatment. It also effectively regulated the expression of genes such as Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), Sodium–glucose cotransporters (SGLT1), and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in diabetic zebrafish models. Additionally, SZL_EAF exhibited anti-pathogenic properties, promoted probiotics under hyperglycemic conditions, and restored the gut microbiome of diabetic zebrafish to normal levels. Overall, our finding indicated that SZL_EAF alleviates diabetes by reducing the blood glucose level, regulating the expression of diabetes-related genes, and restoring the gut microbiota.

Keywords

• Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC
• Anti-diabetic activities
• Zebrafish gut microbiome
• Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1)
• Sodium–glucose cotransporters (SGLT1)
• Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)