Preemptive Treatment With Elbasvir and Grazoprevir for Hepatitis C–Viremic Donor to Uninfected Recipient Kidney Transplantation

Abstract

Introduction: Long wait times for kidney transplants have prompted investigation into strategies to decrease the discarding of potentially viable organs. Recent reports suggest that kidneys from hepatitis C virus (HCV)−infected donors may be transplanted into HCV-naive donors followed by direct-acting antiviral therapy. Methods: This was a pilot clinical trial to transplant kidneys from HCV-infected donors into HCV-naive recipients with preemptive use of elbasvir and grazoprevir for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after completion of therapy. Secondary outcomes were safety, quality of life, and early viral kinetics. Results: A total of 33 patients were screened, and 8 underwent kidney transplantation from a HCV-viremic donors from August 2017 to March 2019. The median donor kidney donor profile index was 31% (range, 29%−65%), and patients who underwent transplantation waited a median of 6.5 months (range, 1−19 months). None had detectable HCV viremia beyond 2 weeks post-transplantation, and all achieved sustained virologic response 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12). There were no study-related severe adverse events. One patient experienced early graft loss due to venous thrombosis, whereas the remaining 7 patients had excellent allograft function at 6 months. Conclusion: Preemptive elbasvir and grazoprevir eliminated HCV infection in HCV-naive patients who received a kidney transplant from an HCV-infected donor. Keywords: direct-acting antivirals, hepatitis C virus, kidney transplantation, organ allocation