Analysis of Terpenes and Cannabinoids in Hemp Oil by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) were used to analyzed terpenes, fatty acids and cannabinoids in hemp oil, and the obtained data were analyzed by means of principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that hemp oil produced in Yunnan contained rich characteristic flavor terpenes including β-caryophyllene, β-myrcene, and limonene. Also, it was rich in fatty acids; particularly the ratio of linolenic acid and linoleic acid was close to the golden ratio, indicating high nutritional value. Trace amounts of multiple cannabinoids were detected in hemp oil irrespective of cultivar or processing method. The content of cannabinoids in hemp oil was significantly reduced by dehulling, and cold pressing was more suitable for hemp oil processing. Moreover, this study discussed the safety of hemp oil for consumption in China and put forward some suggestions. Finally, four hemp oil samples were perfectly distinguished and identified by PCA.

Keywords

• hemp oil; terpenes; cannabinoids; principal component analysis; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography