Preparation and characterization of narrow bandgap ferroelectric (K,Ba)(Ni,Nb)O3−δ films for mesoporous all-oxide solar cells

Abstract

Ferroelectric (K,Ba)(Ni,Nb) ${{\rm{O}}}_{3-\delta }$ films have triggered intense studies for applications in photovoltaic device due to their efficient ferroelectric polarization-driven carrier separation and above-bandgap generated photovoltages. However, they are suffered from a challenge of preparation limiting novel device architectures. Meanwhile, the bandgap for most of ferroelectric materials reported so far is still too large to be considered for desirable spectral absorption. Here, we propose a unique strategy to successfully synthesize the (K,Ba)(Ni,Nb) ${{\rm{O}}}_{3-\delta }$ films with the lower bandgap of about 1.45 eV. A new cell structure of utilizing (K,Ba)(Ni,Nb) ${{\rm{O}}}_{3-\delta }$ as a active layer is explored to interface with electron-transporting TiO _2 . Such mesoporous-ferroelectric combination solar cell is beneficial for facilitating the extraction of photocarriers. Under standard AM 1.5G irradiation, the optimized (K,Ba)(Ni,Nb) ${{\rm{O}}}_{3-\delta }$ film solar cell exhibits a higher open-circuit voltage of 1.27 V than those of previous reports on ferroelectrics. Furthermore, a fill factor of 64% and a power conversion efficiency of 0.2% are achieved via the polarization switching modulation. The present results provide a novel synthetic approach toward developing high performance solar cells based on lead-free ferroelectric films.

Keywords

• ferroelectric polarization
• hysteretic behavior
• bandgap
• photovoltaics effects
• perovskite solar cells