Robust entangled qutrit states in atmospheric turbulence

Abstract

The entangled quantum state of a photon pair propagating through atmospheric turbulence suffers decay of entanglement due to the scintillation it experiences. In this paper, we investigate the robustness against this decay for different qutrit states. An infinitesimal propagation equation is used to obtain the density matrix as a function of the propagation distance and the tangle is used to quantify the entanglement between a pair of qutrits. We consider the evolution of various initial states as they propagate through turbulence. Using optimization of the parameters that define the initial state, we obtain expressions for bipartite qutrit states that retain their initial entanglement longer than the initially maximally entangled states.