Musculoskeletal system pathology: focus on sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia

Abstract

Over the past 40 years, much attention has been paid to the condition of muscle tissue and its function in older people, which is associated with an increased risk of falls and fractures in this population of people. The term «sarcopenia» was proposed in 1989 to denote a decrease in the weight and strength of skeletal muscles in the process of aging, and in 2010 European Working Group on Sarcopenia provided a definition and diagnostic criteria for this condition. In 2016, sarcopenia was assigned a code M62.84 to designate it as a muscle disease in the ICD-10. The article introduces readers to the classification, risk factors and methods of diagnosis of the disease, provides updated criteria for its diagnosis, and defines the concept of «osteosarcopenia». Possible methods of prevention and treatment to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia are described.

Keywords

• sarcopenia
• osteosarcopenia
• risk factors
• diagnostic criteria
• vitamin d drugs