BMC Infectious Diseases (Oct 2020)

The first consecutive 5000 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 from Qatar; a nation-wide cohort study

  • Ali S. Omrani,
  • Muna A. Almaslamani,
  • Joanne Daghfal,
  • Rand A. Alattar,
  • Mohamed Elgara,
  • Shahd H. Shaar,
  • Tawheeda B. H. Ibrahim,
  • Ahmed Zaqout,
  • Dana Bakdach,
  • Abdelrauof M. Akkari,
  • Anas Baiou,
  • Bassem Alhariri,
  • Reem Elajez,
  • Ahmed A. M. Husain,
  • Mohamed N. Badawi,
  • Fatma Ben Abid,
  • Sulieman H. Abu Jarir,
  • Shiema Abdalla,
  • Anvar Kaleeckal,
  • Kris Choda,
  • Venkateswara R. Chinta,
  • Mohamed A. Sherbash,
  • Khalil Al-Ismail,
  • Mohammed Abukhattab,
  • Ali Ait Hssain,
  • Peter V. Coyle,
  • Roberto Bertollini,
  • Michael P. Frenneaux,
  • Abdullatif Alkhal,
  • Hanan M. Al-Kuwari

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05511-8
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 20, no. 1
pp. 1 – 11

Abstract

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Abstract Background There are limited data on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes at a national level, and none after 60 days of follow up. The aim of this study was to describe national, 60-day all-cause mortality associated with COVID-19, and to identify risk factors associated with admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study including the first consecutive 5000 patients with COVID-19 in Qatar who completed 60 days of follow up by June 17, 2020. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. In addition, we explored risk factors for admission to ICU. Results Included patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 28 and April 17, 2020. The majority (4436, 88.7%) were males and the median age was 35 years [interquartile range (IQR) 28–43]. By 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, 14 patients (0.28%) had died, 10 (0.2%) were still in hospital, and two (0.04%) were still in ICU. Fatal COVID-19 cases had a median age of 59.5 years (IQR 55.8–68), and were mostly males (13, 92.9%). All included pregnant women (26, 0.5%), children (131, 2.6%), and healthcare workers (135, 2.7%) were alive and not hospitalized at the end of follow up. A total of 1424 patients (28.5%) required hospitalization, out of which 108 (7.6%) were admitted to ICU. Most frequent co-morbidities in hospitalized adults were diabetes (23.2%), and hypertension (20.7%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022–1.061 per year increase; P < 0.001], male sex (aOR 4.375, 95% CI 1.964–9.744; P < 0.001), diabetes (aOR 1.698, 95% CI 1.050–2.746; P 0.031), chronic kidney disease (aOR 3.590, 95% CI 1.596–8.079, P 0.002), and higher BMI (aOR 1.067, 95% CI 1.027–1.108 per unit increase; P 0.001), were all independently associated with increased risk of ICU admission. Conclusions In a relatively younger national cohort with a low co-morbidity burden, COVID-19 was associated with low all-cause mortality. Independent risk factors for ICU admission included older age, male sex, higher BMI, and co-existing diabetes or chronic kidney disease.

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